Apply for citizenship – for adults

You can verify your identity by

• presenting the original of your national passport, or
• presenting an original copy of an identification document.

If you do not have a national passport or identification document, a close relative can in some cases attest to your identity. Read more about how a close relative can attest to your identity under the heading Close relative (see below).

Passport or iden­ti­fi­ca­tion docu­ment

The passport or identification document must be from a competent authority in your country of origin. You must have applied for the document and/or have collected it from the competent authority yourself. A passport can be accepted to verify your identity even if the period of validity has expired. Your photo must be on the document.

If you previously submitted your national passport to the Swedish Migration Agency, you can refer to it in your application under the heading Other information inside the e-service.

In some individual cases, the Swedish Migration Agency may consider that you have verified your identity even though your identification documents do not meet all of the requirements. If you have many documents that do not individually meet the requirements, the Swedish Migration Agency can make an assessment of whether they can verify your identity together.

Special requi­re­ments on iden­ti­fi­ca­tion docu­ments

For some countries, there are special requirements on identification documents. Here are the rules that apply to you if you are from

• Afghanistan
• Iraq
• Somalia
• Eritrea
• Stateless Palestinians

Close rela­tive

Sometimes, one of your close relatives (a spouse, parent, adult child or sibling) can verify your identity. That close relative must themselves be a Swedish citizen and have verified his or her identity in a way that is acceptable today.

You and your close relative must have submitted matching information on identity, your relationship, background, family circumstances, etc. in earlier investigations regarding residence permits or work permits.

In order for your spouse or close relative (a parent, adult child or sibling) to verify your identity, you must have lived together before you came to Sweden. You must have lived together for long enough for your spouse or close relative to have knowledge of your background and life story so that your identity can be verified for certain.

Excep­tions to the requi­re­ment of a veri­fied iden­tity

The Swedish Migration Agency can make exceptions for you if you cannot verify your identity if

• you have lived in Sweden for at least eight years, and
• the information on your identity is credible, and
• you do not have the possibility to obtain documents that can verify your identity.

Your identity is credible if you have lived in Sweden for at least eight years without interruption and have had the same identity in that time.

If you changed your identity during the time that you lived in Sweden, it is harder to make an exception to the requirement of a verified identity. Nor can you count the time that you were in Sweden with the wrong or a false identity in the period of habitual residence.

To become a Swedish citizen, you must have lived in Sweden for a certain amount of time. The time that you have lived in Sweden must be uninterrupted. How long you must have been a resident of Sweden varies.

Period of habi­tual resi­dence – time in Sweden

Habitual residence means that you are a resident of Sweden and have an intention to stay. As a rule, you must have been a resident of Sweden for five consecutive years (if you are a Nordic citizen, you must have been a resident of Sweden for two consecutive years). Why you settled here and what permit you had during that time determines whether you can count all of the time in Sweden in the period of habitual residence. The main rule is that the time with a residence permit that leads to a permanent residence permit is included in the period of habitual residence.

How is your period of habi­tual resi­dence counted?

• If you had a permanent residence permit or residence permit for settlement when you entered Sweden, you can count the time from the day you came to Sweden.
• If you did not have a permanent residence permit or residence permit for settlement when you entered Sweden, the time is counted from the date you submitted your application for a residence permit in Sweden.
• If your application for a residence permit in Sweden was denied and then you submitted a new application, the time is counted from the date you received an approval.

Travel abroad

If you travelled abroad for short visits or holiday for example, it has no impact on the period of habitual residence in Sweden. But if you were abroad for more than six weeks in total during a year, the entire time you were outside Sweden must be subtracted from the period of habitual residence.

If you move to a different country and settle there, your period of habitual residence in Sweden ends. You can start counting a new period of habitual residence in Sweden from the day you move back here.

EU/​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​EEA citi­zens and their family members

EU/EEA citizens and their family members must have met the requirements for the right of residence in order to have a period of habitual residence in Sweden and be able to apply for Swedish citizenship. This does not apply to Nordic citizens.

Read more about citizenship for Nordic citizens

If you have been a legal resident of Sweden for five years, but have not requested a certificate of a right of permanent residence or applied for a permanent residence card, an assessment is made of whether you meet the conditions for the right of residence in connection with your application for Swedish citizenship.

How to verify your right of residence or residence card if you are an EU/EEA citizen

How to verify your right of residence or residence card if you are a family member of an EU/EEA citizen

Diffe­rent kinds of resi­dence permits

If you have had a temporary residence permit in Sweden, such as a residence permit for visits, guest studies or as an au pair, that time is not included in a period of habitual residence. This may also be the case if you work at another country’s embassy or consulate in Sweden.

However, if you are studying or have studied at the doctoral level, you can in some cases count the time with a residence permit for studies as habitual residence. You can count the time if it is apparent that you have had the intention of staying in Sweden after completing your studies.

Shorter time if you live together with a Swedish citizen

If you are married, live in a registered partnership or are a cohabiting partner with a Swedish citizen, you can apply for Swedish citizenship after three years. If so, you must have lived together the past two years. It is not enough to be married with each other. You must also live together.

If your partner previously had a citizenship other than Swedish or was stateless, they must have been a Swedish citizen for at least two years. In your time in Sweden, you must also have adjusted well to Swedish society. Things that we then assess can include the length of your marriage, your knowledge of the Swedish language and your ability to financially support yourself.

If you were previously in Sweden under an identity other than your true identity or if you made it harder to implement a decision on deportation by absconding, for example, it can impede your possibility of obtaining citizenship after three years.

If you are state­less or have a refugee status decla­ra­tion

If you are stateless or have a refugee status declaration, you must have been resident in Sweden for at least four years to be granted citizenship. A refugee status declaration is issued to anyone who has been granted a residence permit as a refugee pursuant to Chapter 4, Section 1 of the Aliens Act or equivalent paragraphs in the old Aliens Act. It is not enough for you to have been selected in the scope of the refugee quota.

Other iden­tity

If you lived here in Sweden under an identity other than your true identity, you may not include the time you were in Sweden with a false identity in your period of habitual residence.

Excep­tions for certain indi­vi­duals

There are several exceptions to the requirement of a period of five consecutive years of habitual residence in Sweden. Below are a number of examples of who may be exempt from this requirement:

• An emigrated former Swedish citizen who returns to Sweden.
• A person who is employed on a Swedish vessel and is nationally registered in Sweden.
• A person who previously lived in Sweden and is posted abroad by a Swedish company to work for the company.
• A person who has been married to or is a cohabiting partner of a Swedish citizen abroad for at least ten years and resides in a country where they are not a citizen.

The Swedish Migration Agency requests information from other authorities to check if you have unpaid debts or have committed crime in Sweden.

This information is gathered from

• The Swedish Enforcement Authority (if you have unpaid debts)
• The police (if you committed crime or are suspected of crime)
• The Swedish Security Service (security screening).

The Swedish Migration Agency will also use your personal data to check whether you are registered in the Schengen Information System (SIS).

Debts with the Swedish Enfor­ce­ment Autho­rity or other records of non-payment

Your application may be denied if you

• have not paid taxes, fines or other fees
• have not made maintenance payments.

Debts to private companies or the like that have gone on to the Swedish Enforcement Authority may also lead to you not being granted Swedish citizenship. Even if you have paid your debts, some time (around two years) must have passed before you can become a Swedish citizen. The reason is that you must show that you can remain debt-free.

Waiting time after a crime

If you have committed a crime, you can still become a Swedish citizen, but then you must wait for a period of time. How long you have to wait depends on what sentence you received.

The time that must pass after the crime before you can apply for Swedish citizenship is called a qualifying period. The qualifying period is usually counted from the crime, but if you received a long prison sentence, the time only begins counting once the sentence has been served.

Before you can become a Swedish citizen:

• you must serve any prison sentence you have
• the probationary period in connection with a conditional release must have expired
• fines you were sentenced to must be paid.

If you have committed crimes on more than one occasion, the qualifying period may be longer than in the table specified above.

Special care

If you have been sentenced to special care after a crime, we look at what punishment you would normally receive for the crime.

If you have children who are under 18 who live in Sweden, they can become Swedish citizens together with you. To be able to include your children in your application it is required that

• the child/children must have permanent residence permit (or right of residence, residence card or residence status)
• you have custody of the child/children (if there are two parents/legal guardians, the other parent/legal guardian must give their consent by signing with e-identification)
• there is an actual connection between you and the child/children (which usually means that they live with you)
• children who are 12 years of age or older must consent to becoming a Swedish citizen by signing the application with e-identification.

Remember to include the children in your application. Do not submit separate applications for the children. You do not need to pay a fee for the children. If the child is 12 or older and does not have e-identification, you need to apply by using the form.

If you are an EU/EEA citizen, you need to be able to show that you have had and have the right of residence and thereby had a legal presence in the past five years. You must therefore send in documents that show that you have worked, been self-employed, had own funds or studied in Sweden.

If you work or have worked, you must include

• a verification of employment or work certificate with information on the period of employment and terms of employment for the past five years
• a certificate from the Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) verifying that you were a job seeker if you were unemployed for six months or more
• a certificate from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan) verifying that you lacked the ability to work for six months or more due to illness or accident if applicable.

If you are or have been self-employed, you must include

• the registration certificate and corporate tax certificate of the company
• tax returns or other documentation that shows that the company has been active for the past five years.

If you are or have had own funds, you must include

• documents that show that you have had enough funds for your and your family's financial support in the past five years, such as pension disbursements, wages from abroad or bank funds
• housing costs for the past five years
• a certificate that nobody in the family has received income support according to the Social Services Act in the past five years.

If you are studying or have studied, you must include

• study grants for the periods you studied
• a certificate that you have been able to financially support yourself during the time you studied.

If you are a family member of an EU/EEA citizen, you need to be able to show that you have and have had the right of residence and thereby had a legal presence in that your relative has and has had the right of residence. You must therefore send in documents that show that your relative has worked, studied, been self-employed or had own funds in Sweden in the past five years.

If your rela­tive works or has worked, you must include

• a verification of employment or work certificate with information on the period of employment and terms of employment for the past five years
• a certificate from the Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) verifying that your relative was a job seeker if they were unemployed for six months or more
• a certificate from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan) verifying that your relative lacked the ability to work for six months or more due to illness or accident if applicable.

If your rela­tive is or has been self-employed, you must include

• a registration certificate for the company
  
• tax returns or other documentation that shows that the company has been active for the past five years.

If your rela­tive is or has had own funds, you must include

• documents that show that your relative has had adequate funding to financially support the family the past five years, such as pension disbursements, wages from abroad or bank funds (if you have own funds for your financial support, they must also be reported)
• housing costs for the past five years
• a certificate that nobody in the family has received income support according to the Social Services Act in the past five years.

If your rela­tive studies or has studied, you must include

• study grants for the periods your relative studied
  
• a certificate that your relative has been able to financially support you during the time they studied.

You can use the My page e-service to see how your case is progressing and, for example, whether a decision has been made.

Log in to My page

If you cannot apply online, complete the form Application for Swedish citizenship for adults, 316011 (in Swedish only).

Application for Swedish citizenship for adults, form 316011 (in Swedish only) Pdf, 785.3 kB, opens in new window..

Send the application to

Migrationsverket
Medborgarskapsenheten
601 70 Norrköping

Citizenship fees

You can include your children in your appli­ca­tion

If you have children who are under 18 who live in Sweden, they can become Swedish citizens together with you. To be able to include your children in your application it is required that

• the child/children must have permanent residence permit (or right of residence, residence card or residence status)
• you have custody of the child/children (if there are two parents/legal guardians, the other parent/legal guardian must give their consent)
• there is an actual connection between you and the child/children (which usually means that they live with you)
• children who are 12 years of age or older must consent to becoming a Swedish citizen by signing the application.

Remember to include the children in your application. Do not submit a separate application form for the children. You do not need to pay a fee for the children.

Adding a child after you have submitted your appli­ca­tion

If you have a child who receives a permanent residence permit during the processing time and you want the child to become a Swedish citizen with you, you and the child’s other parent/legal guardian must notify the Swedish Migration Agency by a letter that you have both signed. This also applies if you have a new child who has a right of residence in Sweden, or if you have a child who receives a residence card or residence status during the processing time.

If you have become a Swedish citizen

The Swedish Migration Agency sends the decision to your officially registered address. If you have become a Swedish citizen, we notify the Swedish Tax Agency.

When you become a Swedish citizen, your residence permit card is frozen and becomes invalid. If you have children who have also become Swedish citizens, their residence permit cards are also frozen.

Swedish passport

If you have become a Swedish citizen, you can apply for a Swedish passport. You apply for a Swedish passport with the Swedish Police.

Read more about how to apply for a Swedish passport on the police’s website External link, opens in new window.

If you are abroad and want to apply for a Swedish passport, you can do so at a Swedish embassy or consulate-general.

Swedish embassies and consulates-general External link, opens in new window.